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<title>Data Protection Commissioner</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Data Protection Commissioner</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">Data Protection Commissioner</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px var( --border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1 ); line-height:1.4em;"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent<br>Helen Dixon<br></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Office of the Data Protection Commissioner</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Independent Regulator</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">1989</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><strong class="error">No URL found. Please specify a URL here or add one to Wikidata.</strong> </td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The Office of the <b>Data Protection Commissioner</b> (<a href="Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">An Coimisinéir Cosanta Sonraí</i>) (DPC), also known as <b>Data Protection Commission</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the independent national authority responsible for upholding the <a href="European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> fundamental right of individuals to <a href="Data_privacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Data privacy">data privacy</a> through the enforcement and monitoring of compliance with <a href="Information_privacy" title="Information privacy">data protection</a> legislation in <a href="Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>. It was established in 1989.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_and_operations">Role and operations</h2></div>

<p>The independent role and powers of the Data Protection Commissioner are as set out in legislation in the Data Protection Acts 1988 and 2003. These Acts transpose the <a href="Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> 1981 <a href="Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Individuals_with_Regard_to_Automatic_Processing_of_Personal_Data" title="Convention for the Protection of Individuals with Regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data">Data Protection Convention</a> (Convention 108)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 1995 <a href="Data_Protection_Directive" title="Data Protection Directive">EU Data Protection Directive</a> (Directive 95/46/EC). However, the latter was then replaced by the EU <a href="General_Data_Protection_Regulation" title="General Data Protection Regulation">General Data Protection Regulation</a> (GDPR), which is directly applicable upon Members States such as Ireland.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Investigation_of_complaints">Investigation of complaints</h3></div>

<p>Complaints received from individuals who feel that their <a href="Personal_data" title="Personal data">personal information</a> is not being treated in accordance with the data protection law are investigated under section 10 of the Data Protection Acts. It is the statutory obligation of the Office to seek to amicably resolve complaints in the first instance. Where an amicable resolution cannot be achieved, the Commissioner may make a decision on whether, in her opinion, there has been a breach of the law. If the complainant or the data controller disagrees with the Commissioner's finding, they have the right to appeal the decision to the <a href="Circuit_Court_(Ireland)" title="Circuit Court (Ireland)">Circuit Court</a>. The DPC's main priority, if a complaint is upheld, is that the data controller complies with the law and puts right the matter concerned. If an organization does not voluntarily cooperate with an investigation, the DPC has powers of compulsion to require such cooperation.

</p><p>In 2015, the Office received 932 complaints that were opened for investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Investigations into 1,015 complaints were concluded.

</p><p>In 2018, Martin Meany, editor of Goosed.ie, filed a complaint to the DPC against the Diocese of Ossory stating he wished for his baptismal records to be deleted.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The complaint started a subsequent "own volition enquiry" by the DPC into "whether the church's holding of personal data on baptisms and other Catholic sacraments that individuals may have taken falls under the EU's data protection law, the General Data Protection Regulation".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 2022, Meany launched High Court <a href="Judicial_review" title="Judicial review">Judicial Review</a> proceedings against the DPC. He claims the DPC has failed to complete an investigation into his complaint against the Catholic Church.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 2021, <a href="NOYB" title="NOYB">NOYB</a> (None Of Your Business), an Austrian NGO founded by <a href="Max_Schrems" title="Max Schrems">Max Schrems</a>, filed a complaint against the DPC for corruption under Austrian law after the DPC demanded that the group sign a <a href="Non-disclosure_agreement" title="Non-disclosure agreement">non-disclosure agreement</a> in order to continue with their long-running complaint against <a href="Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>. NOYB argued that the DPC could not demand favourable media coverage as the price of using its services.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In January 2023, DPC was forced to increase the fine issued to <a href="Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta Platforms</a> after a review by <a href="European_Data_Protection_Board" title="European Data Protection Board">European Data Protection Board</a> found that the initial fine was insufficient.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> European Data Protection Board determined that DPC has failed to perform its enforcement responsibility with "due diligence". The critics have pointed out that 7 out of 8 decisions handed down by European Data Protection Board were against the Irish DPC, and that the DPC "always choose the most tortuous, lengthy and expensive legal route to a decision rather than a simple application of EU law".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audits">Audits</h3></div>

<p>Section 10 (1A) of the Acts provides that "the Commissioner may carry out or cause to be carried out such investigations as he or she considers appropriate in order to ensure compliance with the provisions of this Act and to identify any contravention thereof." These investigations often take the form of audits of selected organizations. The aim of an audit is to identify any issues of concern about the way the organization under scrutiny manages personal data.

</p><p>In 2015, the DPC carried out 51 audits and inspections of organizations in the public and private sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enforcement">Enforcement</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Offences_under_the_Electronic_Communications_Regulations">Offences under the Electronic Communications Regulations</h3></div>

<p>All breaches of the <a href="Privacy_and_Electronic_Communications_(EC_Directive)_Regulations_2003" title="Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003">Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003</a> for which the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner has responsibility are offences. The offences relate primarily to the sending of unsolicited <a href="Marketing_communications" title="Marketing communications">marketing communications</a> by electronic means. The offences are punishable by fines – up to €5,000 for each unsolicited message on summary conviction and up to €250,000 on conviction on indictment. The Office of the Data Protection Commissioner may bring summary proceedings for an offence under the Regulations.

</p><p>Enforcement responsibility is shared with the <a href="Commission_for_Communications_Regulation" title="Commission for Communications Regulation">Commission for Communications Regulation</a> (ComReg).

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFScally" class="citation news cs1">Scally, Derek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230123014444/https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/2023/01/23/irelands-data-commissioner-out-of-step-with-european-peers/">"Ireland's data commissioner out of step with European peers"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/2023/01/23/irelands-data-commissioner-out-of-step-with-european-peers/">the original</a> on 23 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2023</span>. <q>Overruling a national regulator requires a two-thirds majority. In the recent Meta cases, of the 30 member states in the EDPB, four abstained from voting, according to sources, while all others backed the EDPB position. No one sided with the Irish regulator.<br>Critics disagree, linking the interventions to how the Irish regulator – faced with a choice – will always choose the most tortuous, lengthy and expensive legal route to a decision rather than a simple application of EU law.</q></cite></span>

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</ol></div></div>

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</style><div id="Privacy271" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Privacy" title="Privacy">Privacy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Right_of_access_to_personal_data" title="Right of access to personal data">Right of access to personal data</a></li>

<li><a href="Expectation_of_privacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Expectation of privacy">Expectation of privacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Right_to_privacy" title="Right to privacy">Right to privacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Right_to_be_forgotten" title="Right to be forgotten">Right to be forgotten</a></li>

<li><a href="Post-mortem_privacy" title="Post-mortem privacy">Post-mortem privacy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Privacy_law" title="Privacy law">Privacy laws</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Privacy_in_Australian_law" title="Privacy in Australian law">Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="General_Personal_Data_Protection_Law" title="General Personal Data Protection Law">Brazil</a></li>

<li><a href="Canadian_privacy_law" title="Canadian privacy law">Canada</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_Information_Protection_Law_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China">China</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy_law_in_Denmark" title="Privacy law in Denmark">Denmark</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy_in_English_law" title="Privacy in English law">England</a></li>

<li><a href="General_Data_Protection_Regulation" title="General Data Protection Regulation">European Union</a></li>

<li><a href="Bundesdatenschutzgesetz" title="Bundesdatenschutzgesetz">Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_Protection_Act%2C_2012" title="Data Protection Act, 2012">Ghana</a></li>

<li><a href="Right_to_privacy_in_New_Zealand" title="Right to privacy in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_protection_(privacy)_laws_in_Russia" title="Data protection (privacy) laws in Russia">Russia</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_Data_Protection_Act_2012_(Singapore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (Singapore)">Singapore</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_Data_Protection_Act_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Personal Data Protection Act (Sri Lanka)">Sri Lanka</a></li>

<li><a href="Federal_Data_Protection_and_Information_Commissioner" title="Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner">Switzerland</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy_laws_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Privacy laws of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy_laws_of_the_United_States" title="Privacy laws of the United States">United States</a>

<ul><li><a href="California_Consumer_Privacy_Act" title="California Consumer Privacy Act">California</a>, <a href="California_Privacy_Rights_Act" title="California Privacy Rights Act">amended in 2020</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="National_data_protection_authority" title="National data protection authority">Data protection authorities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Office_of_the_Australian_Information_Commissioner" title="Office of the Australian Information Commissioner">Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="Danish_Data_Protection_Agency" title="Danish Data Protection Agency">Denmark</a></li>

<li><a href="European_Data_Protection_Supervisor" title="European Data Protection Supervisor">European Union</a></li>

<li><a href="Commission_nationale_de_l'informatique_et_des_libert%C3%A9s" title="Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés">France</a></li>

<li><a href="Federal_Commissioner_for_Data_Protection_and_Freedom_of_Information" title="Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information">Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_Protection_Board_of_India" title="Data Protection Board of India">India</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_Data_Protection_Authority_Institute" title="Personal Data Protection Authority Institute">Indonesia</a></li>

<li><a href="Dutch_Data_Protection_Authority" title="Dutch Data Protection Authority">Netherlands</a></li>

<li><a href="Norwegian_Data_Protection_Authority" title="Norwegian Data Protection Authority">Norway</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Privacy_Commission" title="National Privacy Commission">Philippines</a></li>

<li><a href="Polish_Data_Protection_Commissioner" title="Polish Data Protection Commissioner">Poland</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_Information_Protection_Commission_(South_Korea)" title="Personal Information Protection Commission (South Korea)">South Korea</a></li>

<li><a href="Spanish_Data_Protection_Agency" title="Spanish Data Protection Agency">Spain</a></li>

<li><a href="Swedish_Data_Protection_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Data Protection Authority">Sweden</a></li>

<li><a href="Federal_Data_Protection_and_Information_Commissioner" title="Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner">Switzerland</a></li>

<li><a href="Office_of_the_Personal_Data_Protection_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Personal Data Protection Committee">Thailand</a></li>

<li><a href="Turkish_Data_Protection_Authority" title="Turkish Data Protection Authority">Turkey</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_Commissioner's_Office" title="Information Commissioner's Office">United Kingdom</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Consumer_privacy" title="Consumer privacy">Consumer</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_privacy" title="Digital privacy">Digital</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy_in_education" title="Privacy in education">Education</a></li>

<li><a href="Medical_privacy" title="Medical privacy">Medical</a></li>

<li><a href="Workplace_privacy" title="Workplace privacy">Workplace</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Information_privacy" title="Information privacy">Information privacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Automotive_privacy" title="Automotive privacy">Automotive</a></li>

<li><a href="Bank_secrecy" title="Bank secrecy">Financial</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_privacy" title="Internet privacy">Internet</a>

<ul><li><a href="Privacy_concerns_with_Facebook" title="Privacy concerns with Facebook">Facebook</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy_concerns_regarding_Google" class="mw-redirect" title="Privacy concerns regarding Google">Google</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy_concerns_with_Twitter" class="mw-redirect" title="Privacy concerns with Twitter">Twitter</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Email_privacy" title="Email privacy">Email</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_data" title="Personal data">Personal data</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_identifier" title="Personal identifier">Personal identifier</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy_concerns_with_social_networking_services" title="Privacy concerns with social networking services">Social networking services</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy-enhancing_technologies" title="Privacy-enhancing technologies">Privacy-enhancing technologies</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy_engineering" title="Privacy engineering">Privacy engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy-invasive_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Privacy-invasive software">Privacy-invasive software</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy_policy" title="Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy_software" title="Privacy software">Privacy software</a></li>

<li><a href="Secret_ballot" title="Secret ballot">Secret ballot</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_assistant_privacy" title="Virtual assistant privacy">Virtual assistant privacy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advocacy organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a></li>

<li><a href="Center_for_Democracy_and_Technology" title="Center for Democracy and Technology">Center for Democracy and Technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_Professionals_for_Social_Responsibility" title="Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility">Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_Privacy_Lab" title="Data Privacy Lab">Data Privacy Lab</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Electronic_Privacy_Information_Center" title="Electronic Privacy Information Center">Electronic Privacy Information Center</a></li>

<li><a href="European_Digital_Rights" title="European Digital Rights">European Digital Rights</a></li>

<li><a href="Future_of_Privacy_Forum" title="Future of Privacy Forum">Future of Privacy Forum</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_Network_Initiative" title="Global Network Initiative">Global Network Initiative</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Association_of_Privacy_Professionals" title="International Association of Privacy Professionals">International Association of Privacy Professionals</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy_International" title="Privacy International">Privacy International</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anonymity" title="Anonymity">Anonymity</a></li>

<li><a href="Cellphone_surveillance" title="Cellphone surveillance">Cellphone surveillance</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_security" title="Data security">Data security</a></li>

<li><a href="Eavesdropping" title="Eavesdropping">Eavesdropping</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_surveillance" title="Global surveillance">Global surveillance</a></li>

<li><a href="Identity_theft" title="Identity theft">Identity theft</a></li>

<li><a href="Mass_surveillance" title="Mass surveillance">Mass surveillance</a></li>

<li><a href="Panopticon" title="Panopticon">Panopticon</a></li>

<li><a href="PRISM" title="PRISM">PRISM</a></li>

<li><a href="Search_warrant" title="Search warrant">Search warrant</a></li>

<li><a href="Wiretapping" title="Wiretapping">Wiretapping</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li>

<li><a href="Personality_rights" title="Personality rights">Personality rights</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-10" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Data_Protection_Commissioner&oldid=1294956398">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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